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The Federal Railroad Administration The Federal Railroad Administration is one of the DOT's 10 departments that deal with intermodal transportation. Its goal is to facilitate the safe and reliable movement of goods and people. FRA field inspectors regularly inspect railroad track, signal and train control systems as and operating practices. They also investigate complaints. Definition A federal railroad is a type of rail transport in the United States that is controlled by the federal government. The Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) creates and enforces railway safety regulations, administers funds for railroads, and investigates ways to improve the efficiency of rail transportation systems. The FRA is part of the U.S. Department of Transportation's intermodal transportation division and its chief executives are the Administrator as well as the Deputy Administrator. The agency supervises all freight and passenger transportation that uses the nation's railway network. The agency also consolidates government funding for rail transportation and assists in the rehabilitation of the Northeast Corridor passenger service. The agency also regulates ownership and operation of intermodal facilities, such as tracks, right of way, equipment, real estate, and rolling stock. It also coordinates federal rail transportation programs. FRA's responsibilities also include establishing, through regulation and after an opportunity for comments an procedure that anyone can notify the Secretary Homeland Security any railroad security problems or deficiencies. Additionally, the FRA creates policies and conducts inspections to determine the compliance with its rail safety laws in six technical disciplines: track signals and train control motive power and equipment, operating practices, hazmat and highway-rail grade crossings. The agency is responsible of making sure that the railroad transportation system operates in a safe, economic, and environmentally friendly manner. The agency also requires that railroads to maintain a safe workplace and provide adequate training to their employees. Furthermore, the agency sets and enforces railroad rates to ensure that the public receives a fair rate for their transportation services. The Federal Railroad Administration also enacts and implements rules to prevent discrimination towards railroad employees. They also shield whistleblowers against retaliation from railroad companies. The agency also sets up a procedure for railroad employees to file complaints regarding the conduct of their company. The primary goal of the agency is to ensure the safe, reliable and efficient transportation of people and goods for a stronger America today and in the future. The FRA achieves this by regulating rail safety, managing programs for assistance to railroads, conducting research in support of better safety of railroads and national transportation policies and coordinating the development of rail networks and assisting the private sector manage railroads. In the past, railroads were essentially monopolies that had no competition. The railroad industry was able to abuse its dominance in the market as a result. Hence, Congress created the Interstate Commerce Commission and other regulatory agencies to curb the abuses committed by railroad monopolies. Purpose Federal railroads are government institutions that make regulations, manage rail funds and conduct research to improve rail transportation in the United States. It is responsible for both freight and passenger railroads, and manages the nation's rail infrastructure. It is one of the 10 agencies of the U.S. Department of Transportation. It is also responsible for maintaining and expanding the existing railway systems. Security is the primary responsibility when it comes to rail transportation. The Federal Railroad Administration is responsible for this. It has a number of divisions that supervise the country's passenger and freight rail operations. The largest of these is the Office of Railroad Safety, with approximately 350 safety inspectors and is responsible for conducting inspections to determine compliance with the regulations in six technical disciplines including track signal and train control, motive power and equipment, operating procedures, hazmat and highway-rail grade crossings. FRA has several departments which include the Office of Railroad Policy and Development. It is responsible for the programs designed to improve passenger and freight rail transportation, such as the Northeast Corridor Future. This department is also responsible for grants that are given to help railways, and it collaborates with other agencies to plan for the nation's rail requirements. Another important function of the FRA is the enforcement of federal laws that pertain to railroads and their employees. This includes preventing railroads to discriminate against workers and making sure that injured railway employees are taken to the nearest hospital for treatment. It also prohibits railroads to delay or refuse medical treatment for injured railway workers. The FRA is the main regulator of the passenger and freight rail industry, but other organizations manage the economic aspects of rail transportation. The Surface Transportation Board, for instance is responsible for setting rates and managing the economics of the industry. It is also responsible for regulating railroad mergers and line sales construction, and abandonment. Other responsibilities include the establishment of regulations following an opportunity for public input and participation, where anyone can submit complaints about rail safety violations to the agency. Functions Railroads carry people and goods to and from cities in the developed nations, as well as remote villages in less developed countries. They transport raw materials from manufacturing and processing facilities, and then finished goods from these facilities to stores or warehouses. Rail is a crucial mode of transportation for a range of essential commodities including grains, oil, and coal. In 2020, freight rail moved more than a quarter of the nation's total freight volume [PDFThe PDF file contains. A federal railroad operates just like any other company with departments for marketing and operations, sales, and an executive department. The marketing and sales department consults with customers and potential clients to determine what services they need and how much they should cost. The operations department then produces the rail services that satisfy those needs at the lowest cost to earn money for the railroad. The executive department supervises the entire operation and ensures that every department is operating efficiently. The government offers support to the railways in a variety of ways from grants to subsidised rates for shipping government traffic. Congress also provides funds to support and construct new tracks and stations. These subsidy funds are often added to the revenues that railroads receive through tickets and freight contracts. Amtrak is owned by the United States government. It is a quasi-public for profit corporation with a significant shareholder that is the United States government. A key role of the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) is establishing and enforcing safety regulations for railroads. This includes regulating the mechanical properties of trains and the safety and health of railroad employees. FRA also collects data on security of rail lines to determine trends and areas that require improvement or attention from the regulatory side and to identify trends. In addition to these primary duties, FRA works on various other projects that aim to improve the economy and security of railway transportation in the United States. The agency, for example seeks to lower the obstacles that can hinder railroads in implementing positive train control (PTC). PTC is an emergency safety system that utilizes sensors and on-board computers to stop the train when it is too close to a vehicle or object. History The nation's first railroads were built in the 1820s and 1830s, largely in New England and the Mid-Atlantic states. fela law firm increased industrialization and brought more food items to market in these areas. This helped the country to become more independent and less dependent on foreign imports, which helped to foster a strong economic base. In the latter half of the nineteenth century the railroad industry went through an “Golden Age,” during which many new trains that were more efficient were constructed, and passenger travel by train became popular. This was in large part because of the government's efforts to expand the railroad system. The government, for instance, gave land grants to homesteaders in order to encourage them to settle the West. Central Pacific and Union Pacific Railroads also collaborated to construct the first transcontinental railway, which allowed travelers to travel from New York City to San Francisco in just six days. In the first half century however the demand for passenger rail services declined, and other modes of transportation like planes and cars gained in popularity. Meanwhile, stifling regulation made it difficult for railroads to compete. A string of bankruptcies, delays in maintenance and service cuts was the next step. In addition, a misguided federal railway regulation led to the decline of the industry. Around the year 1970, the federal government began loosening the restrictions on railroads' regulatory requirements. The Surface Transportation Board was established to oversee the economic aspects of the industry such as railroad rates and mergers. The Federal Railroad Administration was also created, which sets rail safety regulations and is among the 10 agencies within the U.S. Department of Transportation that supervises passenger and freight transportation. Since then, the railroad infrastructure of the United States has seen a significant amount of investment. The Northeast Corridor, for example has been renovated to accommodate faster, more modern high speed ground transportation (HSGT) trains. There have also been efforts to create more efficient freight rail. In the future, FRA hopes to continue its partnership with all transportation agencies to ensure safe and reliable railroads. It is the job of FRA to help make sure that the transportation system of the United States is as efficient as it can be.